Object-Oriented Programming is different from older programming languages because everything is its own object. You can inherit one object's characteristics to another object. Java and C++ are popular object-oriented programming languages. This is useful to programmers because you don't need to write long list of commands and your code is reusable. You can keep referring back to previous code and reduce repetition.
Recursion uses the divide-and-conquer method. It breaks the problem down to smaller problems and doesn't need iteration. This is useful to programmers because when you don't know the size of the output, recursion uses the base case and solves the problem. Some examples using recursion are Koch fractals and Fibonacci numbers. Recursion is a sophisticated way to express complex data structures.
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